typical solar cell output
When something becomes popular technique, is junk science. solar energy is one of those songs full of junk science. Junk science is often behind the specifications solar energy systems, as a key figure in efficiency. The sales people are very creative in how you specify the effectiveness of the system are trying to sell. They can talk about the conversion efficiency of solar cells in a photovoltaic (PV systems), or the efficiency of the inverter that converts direct current from solar cells or batteries to AC for home use, or the optical efficiency of a system of mirrors in concentrating solar power. Those numbers are important for the system designer, but not for the end user. So ignore all that and look at the basic measure of efficiency.
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The basic measure of the effectiveness of any energy conversion system such as solar power is simply output divided by input power, a reason simple to always be less than 1. Simple. You just need to know the two numbers. Normally, the output power is readily available. Usually the specifications given by the data sheet for the system or by the seller. But what about the input power? Although the marketing folks can make it sound complicated and mysterious, determining the input power is very simple.
The input power is the amount of solar energy reaching the pickup zone. There are two numbers you need to know to realize that, the size of the harvesting area and the amount of solar energy per unit area reaching the surface of the earth. The size of collection area is easy to calculate. It is the solar panel size, ie length and width (for rectangular solar panel that is typical). The second number is even easier to obtain because it is a well established number for the amount of solar energy incident on the surface of the earth. That number is 1,000 watts per square meter direct solar insulation tester normal sea level. The number varies slightly, depending on altitude and climatic conditions. And depending on the type of collector solar energy system is used may be some other contributors to the total energy collected. But this standard number is sufficiently accurate for use in the evaluation of solar energy systems.
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So how this knowledge might be helpful to you? Here is a real example. At the time of this writing there is a company that demonstrates a solar panel with a claimed output of 3,000 watts. The company says it has technology that makes many times more efficient than existing solar panels available from other companies. They are seeking investors to help build a factory and increase production. Sounds like hot investment, right? Let's look at the foundations of their product.
The solar panel shown measures 3 feet by 5 feet. That is 15 square feet or 1.39 square meters. So the maximum input power available, based on this standard number of 1,000 watts per square meter on the surface of the earth, is 1.39 x 1,000 = 1,390 watts. The output power is 3,000 Watts said. So efficiency is 3000/1390 = 2.16 or 216%. That's impossible. Efficiency can never be greater than 1. You can not get more power than you put in a power conversion system. He saved me I can have a very bad investment!
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