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With water covering more than 70 percent of the Earth, it would make sense to seek alternative energy from the ocean. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion or OTEC is a way to do just that. The French engineer Jacques D'Arsonval is the creation of the idea. In 1881, it was considered that thermal energy ocean, would be able to provide a great source of clean energy. In other words, different temperatures of deep ocean and surface will be able to run a heat engine that runs efficiently to temperature changes.
There are three states that are heavily involved in the exploration of OTEC. The United States is one of them and has a great facility OTEC in Hawaii. Tests are done here to learn more about the technology. It has been said that the perfect place to the OTEC due to the hot surface temperature and access to the deep ocean cold temperatures. Japan, although it is an ideal area for OTEC, created a cycle closed OTEC plant on the island of Nauru. Use the energy to power the plant and the surrounding communities. India also sponsors OTEC operations and is seeking ways of get new and better energy.
There are three ways to use OTEC: open cycle, closed cycle and hybrid cycle. Of the three cycles there are three places, based on land-based and based on the floating platform.
A closed-loop system uses a liquid with low boiling point to turn a turbine. Warm surface water is pumped into the ocean because the liquid evaporates and the steam turns the generator. Cold ocean water is pumped through the other side, causing the substance to liquid form again and start the cycle again.
An open cycle uses warm surface temperature of the ocean to produce energy. The warm sea water is reduced when placed in a container of low pressure. The steam turns the turbine of low pressure, which in turn drives the generator. It condenses back into liquid form when in contact with low temperatures of cold seawater.
A hybrid cycle contains features of both systems. In the hybrid system, hot water flash evaporates causing the steam to vaporize the low boiling point fluid. The fumes from the unit and the steam turbine condenses with the cold temperature setting of desalinated water.
Though it sounds like a great plan and a wonderful way to use the environment safely, the problem is that this technology is very expensive. The United States has not implemented any new evidence in nearly 10 years due to cost, especially with companies engaged in other energy sources. Few countries have been working on ways to find an operating system. The reason why it is so expensive is because the main thing we need is a pipe large, sometimes a mile long to get to the ocean floor for cold water. The creation of this tube and keep the process cost too great a price.
However, one of the great advantages of OTEC is that it offers more than electricity. By bringing cold water from the ocean floor, there are many other uses such as air conditioning, chill-dirty agriculture, desalination and mineral extractions. However, there are concerns worldwide about the effects of using alternative energy from the sea can cause in the environment. Unfortunately, due to lack of research into this question can not answer.
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